Saint Aurelius Ambrosius (†397), better known in English as Ambrose, was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. Ambrose was a staunch opponent of Arianism and has been accused of fostering persecution of Arians, Jews, and pagans. Traditionally, Ambrose is credited with promoting "antiphonal chant", a style of chanting in which one side of the choir responds alternately to the other, as well as with composing Veni redemptor gentium, an Advent hymn. Ambrose was one of the four original Doctors of the Church and is the patron saint of Milan. His feast day is celebrated on December 7, and he is a patron saint of Beekeepers; bees; bishops; candle makers; domestic animals; the French Commissariat; geese; learning; livestock; Milan; police officers; students; and wax refiners.