Saint Raphael of St. Joseph (in lay life: Joseph Kalinowski) (†1907) was born at Vilna to a Polish family on 1st September 1835. Graduating in engineering at the Academy of Military Sciences at St. Petersburgh, he was appointed to the fortress at Brest Litowski and later promoted to Chief of Staff in the Russian Army. In spite of his desire to leave the military life, he took part in the rise against the czarist occupying forces in Poland, accepting the position of Minister of War in Vilna. On the night of the 24th March 1864, he was arrested and put in prison, where he was condemned to death, but the sentence was later commuted to ten years of forced labor in Siberia. He was freed in 1874 and returned to Poland. In 1877, Raphael joined the Carmelites. He was ordained priest in 1882 and began an apostolate centred on the confessional, in the giving of spiritual direction and being full of enthusiasm for ecumenism, he worked vigorously for unity in the Church, reviving the Discalced Carmelite Order in Poland. He was canonized by Pope John Paul II on 17th November 1991. His Feast Day is commemorated on 19 November.